Essay on Review of Research Report on an Oral Inhibitor...

Review of the Research Report: An Orally Bioavailable, Small Molecule Antagonist of the Chemokine Receptor CCR5, is a Potent Inhibitor of HIV-1 Infection in vitro and in vivo Background The human body contains two type of immunity—innate immunity and adaptive immunity. Adaptive immunity provides a specific response against the antigens of pathogens. White blood cells or lymphocytes are the main tools of adaptive immunity. There are two main types of lymphocytes; T and B cells. Pathogens have chemical signals, antigens, which the immune system recognizes. B cells have antibodies that recognize these antigens and kill the pathogens when they are still outside of a cell. T cells have receptors that are antigen specific. They are†¦show more content†¦This causes rapid genetic changes within infected people. HIV depletes the T4 cells, which are essential for immunity and antibody production. HIV enters the T4 cells through three receptors: CD4, CXCR4, CCR5. A drawing of an HIV cell infecting a T4 cell The infected cells, which contain viral RNA, are lined with envelope proteins that penetrate the lipid bilayer of the cell. Spikes protrude out from the envelop capsule. The spikes consist of gp141 stem and gp120 protein, which is located at the tip of the stem. The protein gp120 on the infected cells binds to the co-receptor CCR5 on the T cells. This allows the virus to become physically closer to the T cells. P24 is an antigen produced in response to HIV infection. Increased levels of P24 show increased levels of virus. The Experiment This study tested the ability of SCH-C to inhibit HIV infection in T4 cells. SCH-C is an antagonist, or inhibitor, of the chemokine receptor CCR5 on the T4 cells. SCH-C prevents HIV from entering the T4 cell through the CCR5 receptor. Different methods were used to determine how efficiently SCH-C prevented the virus from binding to the T4 cell. Some methods were carried out in vitro (outside the body). In one assay, human T4 cells were incubated with SCH-C and then exposed to HIV. Different tests measured SCH-Cs effectiveness. For example, calcium levels inside the cell were measured, because high calcium levels indicate the presence of HIV. InShow MoreRelatedCritical Pathway : Hiv. Desiree1763 Words   |  8 Pages Critical Pathway: HIV Desiree’ Brock NURS 5103 Advanced Pathophysiology Regents Online Degree Program Tennessee Technological University 09/26/14 Critical Pathway: HIV Introduction Mr. .J. is a 30 year old Caucasian male presented to the Emergency Department with symptoms of myalgia, fever, rash, swollen glands, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Mr. J. reported fever and sore throat started about a week ago and the rash presented today. Mr. J. stated â€Å"I thought I had the flu butRead MoreAnemia Is Common Among Individuals With Human Immunodeficiency Virus2062 Words   |  9 Pagescommon among individuals with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection [1]. 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